Classification of cell cultures
What is cell culture?
Cell culture refers to a method that simulates the in vivo environment (sterility, suitable temperature, pH and certain nutrient conditions, etc.) in vitro to make it survive, grow, reproduce and maintain its main structure and function.
Classification of cell cultures
1. Animal cell culture
Among all cell cultures in vitro, animal cell culture is the most difficult. The following are the special conditions it requires.
(1) Serum: Serum is often required for in vitro culture of animal cells. The most commonly used is calf serum. Serum provides growth essential factors such as hormones, trace elements, minerals and fats. Here, serum is equal to the natural nutrient solution for in vitro culture of animal cells.
⑵ Support: Most animal cells have the habit of adhering to the wall. Glass, plastic, etc. are commonly used as supports for in vitro culture.
(3) Gas exchange: The ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen should be continuously adjusted during the cell culture process to continuously maintain the required gas conditions.
2. Plant cell culture
(1) Lighting: Plant cells cultured in vitro are not very strict with light conditions, because the substances required for cell growth are mainly supplied by the medium. However, light is not only related to photosynthesis, but also to cell differentiation. For example, photoperiod can regulate sexual cell differentiation and flowering. Therefore, in the early plant cell culture process for the purpose of obtaining plants, light conditions are particularly important. In the process of obtaining important substances, such as drugs, by in vitro culture of plant cells, most plant cells are cultured in suspension in a reactor.
(2) Hormones: The division and growth of plant cells require the regulation of plant hormones. Growth-promoting auxin and cell division-promoting mitogen are the most basic hormones. The division, growth, differentiation and individual growth cycle of plant cells are all regulated by corresponding hormones. Compared with animal cells, the principle of hormone requirements for in vitro culture of plant cells has been understood, and its application technology has been quite mature, and there is already a set of culture medium that can be used. At the same time, it solves the needs of plant cells for water, nutrients, hormones, osmotic pressure, pH, trace elements, etc.
3. Microbial cell culture
Microorganisms are mostly single-celled organisms, and the wild living conditions are relatively simple. Therefore, the conditions for artificial cultivation of microorganisms are much simpler than those of animal and plant cells. Among them, the cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms is more complicated than that of aerobic microorganisms, because strict anaerobicity needs to maintain the concentration of non-oxygen inert gases such as carbon dioxide, while aerobic microorganisms only need to provide sterile oxygen through constant stirring. The culture conditions of microorganisms are not as harsh as those of animal and plant cells, and corn steep liquor, peptone, wort, yeast extract, etc. have become good natural medium for microorganisms. For the nutritional requirements of some special microorganisms, additional additions can be made on the basis of these natural media.
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