What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are specific forms of DNA present in cells during mitosis or meiosis. Inside the nucleus, DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called histones and packaged into a thread-like structure.When a cell isn't dividing, chromosomes aren't visible in the nucleus -- and that's also true under a microscope. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more compact during cell division, and chromosomes are visible under a microscope.
Each chromosome has a constriction called the centromere (dot), which divides the chromosome into two parts, the "arms". The short arm is the "p arm"; the long arm is the "q arm". The location of the centromere (dot) on each chromosome gives the chromosome a characteristic shape that can be used to help describe the location of a particular gene.
Chromosomes are species-specific and vary in number, size and shape with different biological species, cell types and developmental stages.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosome is a specific form of DNA that exists in eukaryotic cells during mitosis or meiosis.
Chromosomes are usually visible under a light microscope only in metaphase, when all chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell in their condensed form. Before this, each chromosome has been copied once (S stage), the original chromosome and its copy are called sister chromosomes, and the two chromosomes are connected by centromeres (granules). If the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome, an X-shaped chromosome structure results; if the centromere is located near one of the ends, a double-armed chromosome structure results. The X-shaped structural chromosomes are called metaphase chromosomes. In this highly condensed form, chromosomes are the easiest to distinguish and study, easily colored by basic dyes such as gentian violet and acetate magenta, hence the name.
What is a chromosomal aberration?
Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal number of chromosomes in a cell. While most chromosomal aberrations have little or no negative impact on human health, some chromosomal aberrations are a major cause of human genetic disease. Such as Down syndrome: There are 3 copies of chromosome 21.
Chromosomal translocations or inversions do not cause disease in carriers, but they may increase the chance of developing the disease in their offspring.
An abnormal number of chromosomes or sets of chromosomes, also known as aneuploidy, can be fatal or can lead to genetic disorders.
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